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Cesium

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Cesium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Cs

Atomic Number

55

Atomic Weight

Rounded

132.91

for regular calculations

Standard

132.90545196 ± 0.00000006

for precise calculations

Oxidation States

 1

more common

-1

less common

Pauling Electronegativity

0.79

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 6s1

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s1

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

2S1/2

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I  (1)

 3.893905 eV

II (2)

23.15744 eV 

Electron Affinity

0.471626 ± 0.000025 eV

 3803.92 ± 0.20 cm-1  

Density

1938 ± 10 K, 9.4 ± 0.2 MPa

0.39 ± 0.01 g/cm3

critical point

liquid, 301.65 K

1.853 g/ml 

solid

25 °C

1.930 g/cm3

5 K

1.997 g/cm3

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

70.94 cm3/mol

Melting Point

1 bar

301.55 ± 0.01 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

944.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

liquid, 400 K

20.3 W/(m K)

solid

300 K

35.9 W/(m K)

298.2 K

35.9 W/(m K)

273.2 K

36.1 W/(m K)

extrapolated, interpolated, or estimated

200 K

36.8 W/(m K)

extrapolated, interpolated, or estimated

see all 53 conductivities ...

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

232 pm

double bond

209 pm

Atomic Radius

272 pm

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

2.09 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

65.9 kJ/mol

Quantity

Cesium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I  (1)

 3.893905 eV

II (2)

23.15744 eV 

Electron Affinity

0.471626 ± 0.000025 eV

 3803.92 ± 0.20 cm-1  

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

35985 eV  

LI   (2s)

 5714 eV  

LII  (2p1/2)

 5359 eV  

LIII (2p3/2)

 5012 eV  

see all 17 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 6s1

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s1

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

2S1/2

see expanded configuration ...

Clementi-Raimondi Effective Nuclear Charge

1s

Orbital Exponent

53.9043

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

1

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

53.9043

Zeff = ζ × n

2s

Orbital Exponent

20.2558

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

2

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

40.5116

Zeff = ζ × n

see all 12 effective nuclear charges ...

Screening Percentage

96.0%

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.894

ωL1

0.049

ωL2

0.090

ωL3

0.091

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.19 

F13

0.25 

F23

0.159

Quantity

Cesium Physical Properties

Notes

Density

1938 ± 10 K, 9.4 ± 0.2 MPa

0.39 ± 0.01 g/cm3

critical point

liquid, 301.65 K

1.853 g/ml 

solid

25 °C

1.930 g/cm3

5 K

1.997 g/cm3

Molar Mass

Rounded

132.91 g/mol

for regular calculations

Standard

132.90545196 ± 0.00000006 g/mol

for precise calculations

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

70.94 cm3/mol

Physical Form

silvery-white metal

Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

25 °C

97×10-6 K-1

Speed of Sound

liquid, 40 °C, longitudinal wave

980 m/s

Young's Modulus

1.69 GPa

Poisson's Ratio

0.295

Electrical Resistivity

solid

200 K

12.22×10-8 Ohm m

273.15 K

18.75×10-8 Ohm m

293 K

20.46×10-8 Ohm m

300 K

21.04×10-8 Ohm m

liquid, 400 K

47.45×10-8 Ohm m

see all 55 resistivities ...

Contact Potential

4.46 eV

Photoelectric Work Function

1.92 eV

Thermionic Work Function

1.81 eV

Superconducting Transition Temperature

12 GPa

1.3 K

maximum temperature

Mineralogical Hardness

0.2

Isothermal Bulk Modulus

300 K

2.0 GPa

Isothermal Compressibility

300 K

0.50 GPa-1

Gram Atomic Volume

71 cm3

Quantity

Cesium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

 1

more common

-1

less common

Pauling Electronegativity

0.79

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

orbitals

0.62

Sanderson Electronegativity

0.220

Allred-Rochow Electronegativity

0.86

Configuration Energy

electron volt units

3.898 eV

Pauling units

0.659   

Allred Electronegativity

oxidation state: 1

0.79

Nagle Electronegativity

0.79

Pearson Absolute Electronegativity

2.18 eV

Smith Electronegativity

oxidation state: 1

0.75

Free Electron Fermi Surface Parameters

5 K

electron concentration

0.91×1022 cm-3

radius parameter

5.63

fermi wavevector

0.64×108 cm-1

fermi velocity

0.75×108 cm/s

fermi energy

1.58 eV

fermi temperature

1.83×104 K

Chemical Hardness

1.71 eV

Cohesive Energy

per mole

77.6 kJ/mol   

per atom

 0.804 eV/atom

Quantity

Cesium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

1 bar

301.55 ± 0.01 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

944.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

liquid, 400 K

20.3 W/(m K)

solid

300 K

35.9 W/(m K)

298.2 K

35.9 W/(m K)

273.2 K

36.1 W/(m K)

extrapolated, interpolated, or estimated

200 K

36.8 W/(m K)

extrapolated, interpolated, or estimated

see all 53 conductivities ...

Critical Point

temperature

1938 ± 10 K

pressure

9.4 ± 0.2 MPa

Vapor Pressure

667.0 °C

100 kPa

477.1 °C

10 kPa

350.0 °C

1 kPa

see all 16 pressures ...

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

2.09 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

65.9 kJ/mol

Isobaric Molar Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

32.210 J/(mol K)

Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

0.242 J/(g K)

Electronic Heat Capacity Coefficient

3.97 mJ/(mol K2)

Debye Temperature

Low Temperature Limit ( 0 K )

40.5 K

Room Temperature ( 298 K )

43 K  

Quantity

Cesium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

7440-46-2

DOT Number

1407

Quantity

Cesium Atomic Size

Notes

Atomic Radius

272 pm

Orbital Radius

251.8 pm

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

232 pm

double bond

209 pm

Cordero Covalent Radius

244 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Crystal Radius

ion charge: +1

coordination number: 6

181 pm

coordination number: 8

188 pm

coordination number: 9

192 pm

coordination number: 10

195 pm

coordination number: 11

199 pm

coordination number: 12

202 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Effective Ionic Radius

ion charge: +1

coordination number: 6

167 pm

coordination number: 8

174 pm

coordination number: 9

178 pm

coordination number: 10

181 pm

coordination number: 11

185 pm

coordination number: 12

188 pm

Pauling Empirical Crystal Radius

ion charge: +1

169 pm

Pauling Univalent Radius

ion charge: +1

169 pm

Batsanov Crystallographic Van Der Waals Radius

3.0×102 pm

Batsanov Equilibrium Van Der Waals Radius

330 pm

Slater Atomic-Ionic Radius

260 pm

Quantity

Cesium Crystal Structure

Notes

Allotropes

allotrope

α-cesium

symbol

αCs

alternate symbol

Cs-I

allotrope

β-cesium

symbol

βCs

alternate symbol

Cs-II

allotrope

β'-cesium

symbol

β'Cs

alternate symbol

Cs-III

allotrope

γ-cesium

symbol

γCs

alternate symbol

Cs-IV

Nearest Neighbor Distance

5 K, 1 atm

523.5 pm

Atomic Concentration

5 K, 1 atm

0.905×1022 cm-3

Quantity

Cesium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1860

discoverer

Robert Wilhelm Bunsen

birth

March 31, 1811

death

August 16, 1899

discoverer

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

birth

March 12, 1824

death

October 17, 1887

location of discovery

Heidelberg, Germany

Origin of Element Name

origin

caesius

origin description

color—Latin for sky blue or bluish gray

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Cs

origin

cesium

origin description

element name

Quantity

Cesium Abundances

Notes

Earth's Crust

3 ppm

Earth's Mantle

18 ppb

primitive mantle

Earth's Core

0.065 ppm

Bulk Earth

0.035 ppm

Ocean Water

0.0005 ppm

River Water

5×10-5 ppm

U.S. Coal

1.1 ppm

Human Body

6 mg

based on a 70 kg "reference man"

Human Bone

0.013 ppm to 0.052 ppm

Human Hair

0.37 ppm to 1.1 ppm

Human Kidney

0.028 ppm to 0.049 ppm

Human Liver

0.04 ppm to 0.054 ppm

Human Muscle

0.07 ppm to 1.6 ppm

Human Nail

7 ppm

Ferns

0.1 ppm to 0.44 ppm

Fungi

0.7 ppm

Solar System

0.372

number of atoms for every 106 atoms of silicon

Meteorites

1.12 ± 0.02

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Quantity

Cesium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

césium

German

Caesium

Italian

cesio

Spanish

cesio

Portuguese

césio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

caeside

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

caesium

Ligands

caesido

Heteroatomic Anion

caesate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

caesa

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

caesy

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

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