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Tellurium

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Tellurium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Te

Atomic Number

52

Atomic Weight

Rounded

127.60

for regular calculations

Standard

127.60 ± 0.03

for precise calculations

Oxidation States

 6

less common with disagreement

 5

less common

 4

more common

 2

less common with disagreement

-1

less common

-2

less common with disagreement

Pauling Electronegativity

2.1

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Orbital Filling Order

[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Term Symbol

3P2

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 9.0096 eV

II  (2)

18.6 eV   

III (3)

27.96 eV  

IV  (4)

37.41 eV  

see all 7 energies ...

Electron Affinity

1.970875 ± 0.000007 eV

15896.18 ± 0.05 cm-1  

Density

liquid, 722.66 K

5.797 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

6.240 g/cm3

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

20.46 cm3/mol

Melting Point

722.66 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

1261.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

300 K

parallel to c-axis

3.37 W/(m K)

perpendicular to c-axis

1.96 W/(m K)

298.3 K

parallel to c-axis

3.38 W/(m K)

perpendicular to c-axis

1.97 W/(m K)

273.2 K

parallel to c-axis

3.60 W/(m K)

perpendicular to c-axis

2.08 W/(m K)

see all 55 conductivities ...

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

136 pm

double bond

128 pm

triple bond

121 pm

Atomic Radius

143 pm

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

13.5 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

50.63 kJ/mol

Quantity

Tellurium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 9.0096 eV

II  (2)

18.6 eV   

III (3)

27.96 eV  

IV  (4)

37.41 eV  

see all 7 energies ...

Electron Affinity

1.970875 ± 0.000007 eV

15896.18 ± 0.05 cm-1  

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

31814 eV  

LI   (2s)

 4939 eV  

LII  (2p1/2)

 4612 eV  

LIII (2p3/2)

 4341 eV  

see all 14 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Orbital Filling Order

[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Term Symbol

3P2

see expanded configuration ...

Clementi-Raimondi Effective Nuclear Charge

1s

Orbital Exponent

50.9568

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

1

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

50.9568

Zeff = ζ × n

2s

Orbital Exponent

19.1656

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

2

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

38.3312

Zeff = ζ × n

see all 11 effective nuclear charges ...

Screening Percentage

79.9%

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.875

ωL1

0.041

ωL2

0.074

ωL3

0.074

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.18 

F13

0.25 

F23

0.153

Quantity

Tellurium Physical Properties

Notes

Density

liquid, 722.66 K

5.797 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

6.240 g/cm3

Molar Mass

Rounded

127.60 g/mol

for regular calculations

Standard

127.60 ± 0.03 g/mol

for precise calculations

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

20.46 cm3/mol

Physical Form

gray-white rhombohedral crystals

Speed of Sound

solid, 293 K

2610 m/s

calculated value

Specific Gravity

68 °F, water at 4 °C (39.2 °F)

6.24

Young's Modulus

47.1 GPa

Poisson's Ratio

0.180

Dielectric Constant

polycrystalline

27.5

monocrystalline

28.0

11 component of dielectric tensor, low frequency limit

30  

33 component of dielectric tensor, low frequency limit

43  

11 component of dielectric tensor, high frequency limit

23  

33 component of dielectric tensor, high frequency limit

36  

Electrical Resistivity

solid, 298 K

4.36×10-3 Ohm m

Contact Potential

4.70 eV

Photoelectric Work Function

4.76 eV

Superconducting Transition Temperature

35 GPa

7.5 K

maximum temperature

Mineralogical Hardness

2.25

Reflectivity

surface polished

0.6 μm

49%

0.8 μm

48%

1.0 μm

50%

see all 6 reflectivities ...

Isothermal Bulk Modulus

300 K

23.0 GPa

Isothermal Compressibility

300 K

0.0435 GPa-1

Gram Atomic Volume

21 cm3

Quantity

Tellurium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

 6

less common with disagreement

 5

less common

 4

more common

 2

less common with disagreement

-1

less common

-2

less common with disagreement

Pauling Electronegativity

2.1

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

hybridsp3

2.57

hybrid16.7% s

2.41

orbitalp

2.06

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.618

Allred-Rochow Electronegativity

2.01

Configuration Energy

electron volt units

12.76 eV

Pauling units

 2.158  

Allen Electronegativity

2.158

Ghosh-Gupta Electronegativity

5.3250 eV

Nagle Electronegativity

2.08

Pearson Absolute Electronegativity

5.49 eV

Smith Electronegativity

oxidation state: 6

2.1

oxidation state: 4

2.2

oxidation state: -2

2.3

Chemical Hardness

3.52 eV

Cohesive Energy

per mole

211 kJ/mol    

per atom

  2.19 eV/atom

Quantity

Tellurium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

722.66 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

1261.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

300 K

parallel to c-axis

3.37 W/(m K)

perpendicular to c-axis

1.96 W/(m K)

298.3 K

parallel to c-axis

3.38 W/(m K)

perpendicular to c-axis

1.97 W/(m K)

273.2 K

parallel to c-axis

3.60 W/(m K)

perpendicular to c-axis

2.08 W/(m K)

see all 55 conductivities ...

Critical Point

2329 K

Vapor Pressure

992.4 °C

100 kPa

768.8 °C

10 kPa

615 °C

1 kPa

502 °C

100 Pa

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

13.5 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

50.63 kJ/mol

Isobaric Molar Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

25.73 J/(mol K)

Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

0.202 J/(g K)

Debye Temperature

Low Temperature Limit ( 0 K )

152 K

Quantity

Tellurium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

13494-80-9

ICSC Number

powder

0986

RTECS Number

WY2625000

Quantity

Tellurium Atomic Size

Notes

Atomic Radius

143 pm

Orbital Radius

111.1 pm

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

136 pm

double bond

128 pm

triple bond

121 pm

Cordero Covalent Radius

138 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Crystal Radius

ion charge: -2, coordination number: 6

207 pm

ion charge: +4

coordination number: 3

 66 pm

coordination number: 4

 80 pm

coordination number: 6

111 pm

ion charge: +6

coordination number: 4

 57 pm

coordination number: 6

 70 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Effective Ionic Radius

ion charge: -2, coordination number: 6

221 pm

ion charge: +4

coordination number: 3

 52 pm

coordination number: 4

 66 pm

coordination number: 6

 97 pm

ion charge: +6

coordination number: 4

 43 pm

coordination number: 6

 56 pm

Pauling Empirical Crystal Radius

ion charge: -2

221 pm

Pauling Univalent Radius

ion charge: +1

 82 pm

ion charge: -1

250 pm

Batsanov Crystallographic Van Der Waals Radius

2.1×102 pm

Batsanov Equilibrium Van Der Waals Radius

236 pm

Bondi Van Der Waals Radius

206 pm

Pauling Van Der Waals Radius

220 pm

Slater Atomic-Ionic Radius

140 pm

Quantity

Tellurium Crystal Structure

Notes

Allotropes

allotrope

α-tellurium

symbol

αTe

allotrope

β-tellurium

symbol

βTe

allotrope

γ-tellurium

symbol

γTe

Nearest Neighbor Distance

300 K, 1 atm

286 pm

Atomic Concentration

300 K, 1 atm

2.94×1022 cm-3

Quantity

Tellurium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1783

discoverer

Baron Franz Joseph Müller von Reichenstein

birth

July 1, 1740

death

October 12, 1825 (1826?)

location of discovery

Sibiu, Romania

Origin of Element Name

origin

tellus

origin description

celestial body—Latin for Earth

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Te

origin

tellurium

origin description

element name

U.S. Towns Named After Elements

Tellurium, Colorado

Telluride, Colorado

Quantity

Tellurium Abundances

Notes

Earth's Crust

1×10-3 ppm

Earth's Mantle

8 ppb

primitive mantle

Earth's Core

0.85 ppm

Bulk Earth

0.3 ppm

U.S. Coal

<0.1 ppm

estimated from USGS and literature data

Human Body

0.7 mg

based on a 70 kg "reference man"

Human Hair

<2 ppm

Human Kidney

0.07 ppm

Human Liver

0.014 ppm

Human Muscle

0.017 ppm

Solar System

4.81

number of atoms for every 106 atoms of silicon

Meteorites

2.22 ± 0.04

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Quantity

Tellurium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

tellure

German

Tellur

Italian

tellurio

Spanish

teluro

Portuguese

telúrio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

telluride (general)

Te•-, tellanidyl, telluride(•1-)

Te2-, tellanediide, telluride(2-)

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

tellurium

Ligands

tellurido (general)

Te•-, tellanidyl, tellurido(•1-)

Te2-, tellanediido, tellurido(2-)

Heteroatomic Anion

tellurate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

tellura

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

tellury

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