References    (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Barber, Robert C., Paul J. Karol, Hiromichi Nakahara, Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich W. Vogt. "Discovery of the Elements with Atomic Numbers Greater than or Equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry, volume 83, number 7, 2011, pp. 1485–1498. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-05-01

Cox, P. A. The Elements: Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Ghiorso, A., B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin, S. G. Thompson, and G. T. Seaborg. "New Element Mendelevium, Atomic Number 101." Physical Review, volume 98, number 5, 1955, pp. 1518–1519. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.1518

Ghiorso, A., J. M. Nitschke, J. R. Alonso, C. T. Alonso, M. Nurmia, G. T. Seaborg, E. K. Hulet, and R. W. Lougheed. "Element 106." Physical Review Letters, volume 33, number 25, 1974, pp. 1490–1493. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1490

Ghiorso, A., M. Nurmia, J. Harris, K. Eskola, and P. Eskola. "Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104." Physical Review Letters, volume 22, number 24, 1969, pp. 1317–1320. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1317

Ghiorso, A., S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg, M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, S. M. Fried, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, G. L. Pyle, J. R. Huizenga, A. Hirsch, W. M. Manning, C. I. Browne, H. L. Smith, and R. W. Spence. "New Elements Einsteinium and Fermium, Atomic Numbers 99 and 100." Physical Review, volume 99, number 3, 1955, pp. 1048–1049. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048

Ghiorso, A., T. Sikkeland, J. R. Walton, and G. T. Seaborg. "Element No. 102." Physical Review Letters, volume 1, number 1, 1958, pp. 18–21. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.18

Ghiorso, Albert, Matti Nurmia, Kari Eskola, James Harris, and Pirkko Eskola. "New Element Hahnium, Atomic Number 105." Physical Review Letters, volume 24, number 26, 1970, pp. 1498–1503. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.1498

Ghiorso, Albert, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, and Robert M. Latimer. "New Element, Lawrencium, Atomic Number 103." Physical Review Letters, volume 6, number 9, 1961, pp. 473–475. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.473

Griffith, W. P. "Bicentenary of Four Platinum Group Metals: Part II: Osmium and Iridium—Events Surrounding Their Discoveries." Platinum Metals Review, volume 48, number 4, 2004, pp. 182–189. doi:10.1595/147106704X4844

Hoffman, Darleane C., Albert Ghiorso, and Glenn T. Seaborg. The Transuranium People: The Inside Story. London, England: Imperial College Press, 2000.

Ihde, Aaron J. The Development of Modern Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1984.

Jensen, William B. "Why Helium Ends in “-ium”." Journal of Chemical Education, volume 81, number 7, 2004, p. 944. doi:10.1021/ed081p944

Kennedy, Donald. "In Memoriam: Philip Hauge Abelson, 1913-2004." Science, volume 305, number 5685, 2004, p. 765. doi:10.1126/science.305.5685.765

Lewis, David G. "The Early Life of Smithson Tennant FRS (1761–1815)." Platinum Metals Review, volume 55, number 3, 2011, pp. 196–200. doi:10.1595/147106711X581710

Marshall, James L. Discovery of the Elements: A Search for the Fundamental Principles of the Universe, 2nd edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002.

Morita, Kosuke, Kouji Morimoto, Daiya Kaji, Hiromitsu Haba, Kazutaka Ozeki, Yuki Kudou, Takayuki Sumita, Yasuo Wakabayashi, Akira Yoneda, Kengo Tanaka, Sayaka Yamaki, Ryutaro Sakai, Takahiro Akiyama, Shin-ichi Goto, Hiroo Hasebe, Minghui Huang, Tianheng Huang, Eiji Ideguchi, Yoshitaka Kasamatsu, Kenji Katori, Yoshiki Kariya, Hidetoshi Kikunaga, Hiroyuki Koura, Hisaaki Kudo, Akihiro Mashiko, Keita Mayama, Shin-ichi Mitsuoka, Toru Moriya, Masashi Murakami, Hirohumi Murayama, Saori Namai, Akira Ozawa, Nozomi Sato, Keisuke Sueki, Mirei Takeyama, Fuyuki Tokanai, Takayuki Yamaguchi, and Atsushi Yoshida. "New Result in the Production and Decay of an Isotope, 278113, of the 113th Element." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, volume 81, number 10, 2012, pp. 103201 to 103204. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.81.103201

Nobel Foundation. Edwin M. McMillan: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/mcmillan-bio.html. Accessed on July 1, 2009.

Nobel Foundation. Glenn T. Seaborg: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/seaborg-bio.html. Accessed on July 1, 2009.

Nobel Foundation. Sir William Ramsay: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1904/ramsay-bio.html. Accessed on July 16, 2009.

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., F. Sh. Abdullin, S. N. Dmitriev, J. M. Gostic, J. H. Hamilton, R. A. Henderson, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, A. N. Polyakov, A. V. Ramayya, J. B. Roberto, K. P. Rykaczewski, R. N. Sagaidak, D. A. Shaughnessy, I. V. Shirokovsky, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, Yu. S. Tsyganov, V. K. Utyonkov, A. A. Voinov, and G. K. Vostokin. "Investigation of the 243Am+48Ca reaction products previously observed in the experiments on elements 113, 115, and 117." Physical Review C, volume 87, number 1, 2013, pp. 014302–1 to 014302–10. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.87.014302

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., F. Sh. Abdullin, S. N. Dmitriev, M. G. Itkis, Yu. V. Lobanov, A. N. Mezentsev, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, Yu. S. Tsyganov, V. K. Utyonkov, A. A. Voinov, G. K. Vostokin, P. D. Bailey, D. E. Benker, J. G. Ezold, C. E. Porter, F. D. Riley, J. B. Roberto, K. P. Rykaczewski, M. E. Bennett, R. Sudowe, J. H. Hamilton, A.V. Ramayya, R. A. Henderson, K. J. Moody, S. L. Nelson, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, and M. A. Ryabinin. "Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z=117." Physical Review Letters, volume 104, number 14, 2010, pp. 142502–1 to 142502–4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, and K. J. Moody. "Synthesis of 292116 in the 248Cm+48Ca Reaction." Physics of Atomic Nuclei, volume 64, number 8, 2001, pp. 1349–1355. doi:10.1134/1.1398925

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, A. A. Voinov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, M. G. Itkis, J. B. Patin, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, D. A. Shaughnessy, J. M. Kenneally, and R. W. Lougheed. "Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions 244Pu(48Ca,xn)292−x 114 and 245Cm(48Ca,xn)293−x 116." Physical Review C, volume 69, number 5, 2004, pp. 054607–1 to 054607–9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054607

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, A. A. Voinov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, M. G. Itkis, J. B. Patin, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, D. A. Shaughnessy, J. M. Kenneally, P. A. Wilk, R. W. Lougheed, R. I. Il’kaev, and S. P. Vesnovskii. "Measurements of cross sections and decay properties of the isotopes of elements 112, 114, and 116 produced in the fusion reactions 233,238U,242Pu, and 248Cm + 48Ca." Physical Review C, volume 70, number 6, 2004, pp. 064609–1 to 064609–14. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.70.064609

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, and R. W. Lougheed. "Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei in the 48Ca+244Pu Reaction: 288114." Physical Review C, volume 62, number 4, 2000, pp. 041604–1 to 041604–4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.62.041604

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed, C. A. Laue, Ye. A. Karelin, and A. N. Tatarinov. "Observation of the decay of 292116." Physical Review C, volume 63, number 1, 2001, pp. 011301–1 to 011301–2. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.63.011301

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. A. Voinov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, G. K. Vostokin, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. B. Patin, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, J. M. Kenneally, J. H. Landrum, J. F. Wild, and R. W. Lougheed. "Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the 249Cf and 245Cm + 48Ca fusion reactions." Physical Review C, volume 74, number 4, 2006, pp. 044602–1 to 044602–9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. A. Voinov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, G. K. Vostokin, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. B. Patin, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, J. M. Kenneally, J. H. Landrum, J. F. Wild, and R. W. Lougheed. "Synthesis of the Isotopes of Elements 118 and 116 in the 249Cf and 245Cm+48Ca Fusion Reactions." Physical Review C, volume 74, number 4, 2006, pp. 044602–1 to 044602–9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkoy, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, A. A. Voinov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, M. G. Itkis, J. B. Patin, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, D. A. Shaughnessy, J. M. Kenneally, and R. W. Lougheed. "Experiments on the Synthesis of Element 115 in the Reaction 243Am(48Ca,xn)291-x115." Physical Review C, volume 69, number 2, 2004, pp. 021601–1 to 021601–5. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601

Öhrström, Lars, and Jan Reedijk. "Names and symbols of the elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118 (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)." Pure and Applied Chemistry, volume 88, number 12, 2016, pp. 1225–1229. doi:10.1515/pac-2016-0501

Seaborg, Glenn T., and Walter D. Loveland. The Elements Beyond Uranium. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.

Thompson, S. G., A. Ghiorso, and G. T. Seaborg. "The New Element Berkelium (Atomic Number 97)." Physical Review, volume 80, number 5, 1950, pp. 781–789. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.781

Thompson, S. G., K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso, and G. T. Seaborg. "The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98)." Physical Review, volume 80, number 5, 1950, pp. 790–796. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.790

Weeks, Mary Elvira, and Henry M. Leicester. Discovery of the Elements, 7th edition. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education, 1968.

Weeks, Mary Elvira. "The Chemical Contributions of Charles Hatchett." Journal of Chemical Education, volume 15, number 4, 1938, pp. 153–158. doi:10.1021/ed015p153

Weeks, Mary Elvira. "Daniel Rutherford and the Discovery of Nitrogen." Journal of Chemical Education, volume 11, number 2, 1934, pp. 101–107. doi:10.1021/ed011p101