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Neptunium

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Neptunium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Np

Atomic Number

93

Oxidation States

7

less common

6

less common

5

more common

4

less common

3

less common

2

less common

Pauling Electronegativity

1.36

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Orbital Filling Order

[Rn] 7s2 5f4 6d1

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Term Symbol

6L11/2

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I (1)

6.2657 eV

Density

solid, 25 °C

20.200 g/cm3

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

11.59 cm3/mol

Melting Point

913 ± 3 K

Boiling Point

3902 C

Thermal Conductivity

solid, 300 K, polycrystalline

6.3 W/(m K)

estimated

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

171 pm

double bond

136 pm

triple bond

116 pm

Atomic Radius

140 pm

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

9.46 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

336.6 kJ/mol

Quantity

Neptunium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I (1)

6.2657 eV

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

118669 ± 5 eV

LI   (2s)

 22427 ± 2 eV

LII  (2p1/2)

 21600 ± 1 eV

LIII (2p3/2)

 17610 ± 1 eV

see all 24 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Orbital Filling Order

[Rn] 7s2 5f4 6d1

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Term Symbol

6L11/2

see expanded configuration ...

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.971

ωL1

0.2  

ωL2

0.519

ωL3

0.454

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.03 

F13

0.67 

F23

0.136

Quantity

Neptunium Physical Properties

Notes

Density

solid, 25 °C

20.200 g/cm3

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

11.59 cm3/mol

Physical Form

silvery metal

Young's Modulus

68.0 GPa

Electrical Resistivity

solid, 295 K

118×10-8 Ohm m

Isothermal Bulk Modulus

300 K

68 GPa

estimated

Isothermal Compressibility

300 K

0.015 GPa-1

estimated

Quantity

Neptunium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

7

less common

6

less common

5

more common

4

less common

3

less common

2

less common

Pauling Electronegativity

1.36

Allred-Rochow Electronegativity

1.22

Allred Electronegativity

oxidation state: 2

1.36

Nagle Electronegativity

1.09

Cohesive Energy

per mole

456 kJ/mol    

per atom

  4.73 eV/atom

Quantity

Neptunium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

913 ± 3 K

Boiling Point

3902 C

Thermal Conductivity

solid, 300 K, polycrystalline

6.3 W/(m K)

estimated

Critical Point

12000 K

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

9.46 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

336.6 kJ/mol

Electronic Heat Capacity Coefficient

13.7 mJ/(mol K2)

Debye Temperature

Low Temperature Limit ( 0 K )

259 K

Room Temperature ( 298 K )

163 K

Quantity

Neptunium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

7439-99-8

Quantity

Neptunium Atomic Size

Notes

Atomic Radius

140 pm

Orbital Radius

174.1 pm

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

171 pm

double bond

136 pm

triple bond

116 pm

Cordero Covalent Radius

190 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Crystal Radius

ion charge: +2, coordination number: 6

124 pm

ion charge: +3, coordination number: 6

115 pm

ion charge: +4

coordination number: 6

101 pm

coordination number: 8

112 pm

ion charge: +5, coordination number: 6

 89 pm

ion charge: +6, coordination number: 6

 86 pm

ion charge: +7, coordination number: 6

 85 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Effective Ionic Radius

ion charge: +2, coordination number: 6

110 pm

ion charge: +3, coordination number: 6

101 pm

ion charge: +4

coordination number: 6

 87 pm

coordination number: 8

 98 pm

ion charge: +5, coordination number: 6

 75 pm

ion charge: +6, coordination number: 6

 72 pm

ion charge: +7, coordination number: 6

 71 pm

Pauling Empirical Crystal Radius

ion charge: +4

 95 pm

ion charge: +3

109 pm

Slater Atomic-Ionic Radius

175 pm

Quantity

Neptunium Crystal Structure

Notes

Allotropes

allotrope

α-neptunium

symbol

αNp

allotrope

β-neptunium

symbol

βNp

allotrope

γ-neptunium

symbol

γNp

Nearest Neighbor Distance

300 K, 1 atm

262 pm

Atomic Concentration

300 K, 1 atm

5.20×1022 cm-3

Quantity

Neptunium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1940

discoverer

Edwin Mattison McMillan

birth

September 18, 1907

death

September 7, 1991

discoverer

Philip Hauge Abelson

birth

1913

death

August 1, 2004

location of discovery

Berkeley, California

Origin of Element Name

origin

Neptune

origin description

celestial body—Planet

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Np

origin

neptunium

origin description

element name

Quantity

Neptunium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

neptunium

German

Neptunium

Italian

nettunio

Spanish

neptunio

Portuguese

neptúnio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

neptunide

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

neptunium

Ligands

neptunido

Heteroatomic Anion

neptunate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

neptuna

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

neptuny

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

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