Isothermal Bulk Modulus

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Element

( at 300 K unless specified )

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Notes

Actinium

25 GPa

estimated

Aluminum

72.2 GPa

Antimony

38.3 GPa

Argon

77 K

1.3 GPa

Arsenic

39.4 GPa

Barium

10.3 GPa

Beryllium

100.3 GPa

Bismuth

31.5 GPa

Boron

178 GPa

Cadmium

46.7 GPa

Calcium

15.2 GPa

Carbon

diamond

545 GPa

Cerium

γ-cerium

23.9 GPa

Cesium

2.0 GPa

Chromium

190.1 GPa

Cobalt

191.4 GPa

Copper

137 GPa

Dysprosium

38.4 GPa

Erbium

41.1 GPa

Europium

14.7 GPa

Francium

2.0 GPa

estimated

Gadolinium

38.3 GPa

Gallium

273 K

56.9 GPa

Germanium

77.2 GPa

Gold

173.2 GPa

Hafnium

109 GPa

Holmium

39.7 GPa

Hydrogen

4 K

0.2 GPa

Indium

41.1 GPa

Iridium

355 GPa

Iron

168.3 GPa

Krypton

77 K

1.8 GPa

Lanthanum

24.3 GPa

Lead

43.0 GPa

Lithium

11.6 GPa

Lutetium

41.1 GPa

Magnesium

35.4 GPa

Manganese

59.6 GPa

Mercury

1 K

38.2 GPa

Molybdenum

272.5 GPa

Neodymium

32.7 GPa

Neon

4 K

1.0 GPa

Neptunium

68 GPa

estimated

Nickel

186 GPa

Niobium

170.2 GPa

Nitrogen

81 K

1.2 GPa

Osmium

418 GPa

estimated

Palladium

180.8 GPa

Phosphorus

black phosphorus

30.4 GPa

Platinum

278.3 GPa

Plutonium

54 GPa

Polonium

26 GPa

estimated

Potassium

3.2 GPa

Praseodymium

30.6 GPa

Promethium

35 GPa

estimated

Protactinium

76 GPa

estimated

Radium

13.2 GPa

estimated

Rhenium

372 GPa

Rhodium

270.4 GPa

Rubidium

3.1 GPa

Ruthenium

320.8 GPa

Samarium

29.4 GPa

Scandium

43.5 GPa

Selenium

9.1 GPa

Silicon

98.8 GPa

Silver

100.7 GPa

Sodium

6.8 GPa

Strontium

11.6 GPa

Sulfur

α-orthorhombic sulfur

17.8 GPa

Tantalum

200 GPa

Technetium

297 GPa

estimated

Tellurium

23.0 GPa

Terbium

39.9 GPa

Thallium

35.9 GPa

Thorium

54.3 GPa

Thulium

39.7 GPa

Tin

gray tin

111 GPa

Titanium

105.1 GPa

Tungsten

323.2 GPa

Uranium

98.7 GPa

Vanadium

161.9 GPa

Ytterbium

13.3 GPa

Yttrium

36.6 GPa

Zinc

59.8 GPa

Zirconium

83.3 GPa

References (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Kittel, Charles. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005.

Kittel, Charles. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 5th edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1976.

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