Boiling Point

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Element

( at 1 atm unless specified )

Click button to see citations

Notes

Argon

10 bar

116.59 K

2 bar

94.28 K

1.5 bar

91.18 K

1 atm

87.303 K

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point

1 bar

87.17 K

0.8 bar

85.12 K

Hydrogen

20.388 K

Normal hydrogen consists of 75% orthohydrogen and 25% parahydrogen. This temperature is an ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point.

Iridium

4898 ± 50 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Mercury

629.769 K

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point

Neon

27.097 K

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point

Nitrogen

77.352 K

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point

Osmium

5576 ± 30 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Oxygen

molecular oxygen

10 bar

119.62 K

2.0 bar

97.24 K

1.5 bar

94.12 K

1 atm

90.197 K

1 bar

90.06 K

0.8 bar

87.99 K

0.6 bar

85.46 K

ozone, 1 atm

161.80 K

Palladium

3263 ± 50 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Platinum

4149 ± 20 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Rhodium

4114 ± 90 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Ruthenium

4592 ± 30 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Sodium

1156.090 K

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point

Sulfur

717.764 K

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point

References (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Arblaster, J. W. "Vapour Pressure Equations for the Platinum Group Elements." Platinum Metals Review, volume 51, number 3, 2007, pp. 130–135. doi:10.1595/147106707X213830

Bedford, R. E., G. Bonnier, H. Maas, and F. Pavese. "Recommended Values of Temperature on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 for a Selected Set of Secondary Reference Points." Metrologia, volume 33, number 2, 1996, pp. 133–154. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/33/2/3

Enss, Christian, and Siegfried Hunklinger. Low-Temperature Physics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005.

Greenwood, N. N., and A. Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

Guminski, C. "The F-Hg system (Fluorine-Mercury)." Journal of Phase Equilibria, volume 22, number 5, 2001, pp. 578–581.

Jr., O. Lewin Keller,, and Glenn T. Seaborg. "Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements." pp. 139–166 in Annual Review Of Nuclear Science. Edited by Emilio Segre. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc., 1977.

Korpinarov, N., M. Marinov, D. Dimova-Malinovska, H. Nichev, M. Konstantinova, and D. Vasilev. "Silicon Nanowires and Whiskers Obtained by Arc Discharge." Journal of Physics: Conference Series, volume 113, 2008, 012007 (5pp). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/113/1/012007

Lide, David R., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th edition. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

Nicholas, J. V., and D. R. White. "Temperature." pp. 8–41 in Measurement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Single Phases. Edited by A. R. H. Goodwin, W. A. Wakeham, and K. N. Marsh. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2003.

Seaborg, Glenn T., and Walter D. Loveland. The Elements Beyond Uranium. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.

Stewart, Richard B., and Richard T. Jacobsen. "Thermodynamic Properties of Argon from the Triple Point to 1200 K with Pressures to 1000 MPa." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 18, number 2, 1989, pp. 639–798.

Stewart, Richard B., Richard T. Jacobsen, and w. Wagner. "Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen from the Triple Point to 300 K with Pressures to 80 MPa." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 20, number 5, 1991, pp. 917–1021.

Yaws, Carl L. The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company, 2005.

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Element

Boiling Point

Notes

10 bar

2 bar

1.5 bar

1 atm

1 bar

0.8 bar

helium-4

helium-3

10 bar

2.0 bar

1.5 bar

1 atm

1 bar

0.8 bar

0.6 bar

ozone, 1 atm

1 atm

1.33×10-4 Pa

References (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)